Network
ping [host]
Test network connectivity to a host.
ping google.com → Tests connection to google.com.
ifconfig / ip addr
Show network interface information.
ip addr → Displays IP addresses and network interfaces.
curl [URL]
Transfer data from or to a server.
curl https://example.com → Fetches the webpage content.
wget [URL]
Download files from the web.
wget https://example.com/file.zip → Downloads file.zip.
ssh [user]@[host]
Connect to a remote host via SSH.
ssh user@192.168.1.1 → Connects to a remote server.
scp [src] [dest]
Securely copy files between hosts.
scp file.txt user@192.168.1.1:/home/user/ → Copies file.txt to a remote host.
netstat -tuln
List open ports and active network connections.
netstat -tuln → Displays listening ports and services.
nslookup [host]
Query DNS information for a domain or IP address.
nslookup google.com → Retrieves the IP address of google.com.
telnet [host] [port]
Test connectivity to a specific port on a server.
telnet example.com 80 → Tests connectivity to port 80 on example.com.
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