File Permission

Command	Description	Example
chmod [mode] [file]	Change file permissions.	chmod 755 file.txt → Sets permissions to rwxr-xr-x.
chown [owner] [file]	Change file ownership.	sudo chown user file.txt → Sets user as the owner of file.txt.
chgrp [group] [file]	Change file group.	sudo chgrp developers file.txt → Sets developers as the group for file.txt.
ls -l	View file permissions.	ls -l → Displays detailed file permissions for each file.
umask	Set default file permissions for new files.	umask 022 → Ensures new files are created with rw-r--r-- permissions.