File Permission
Command
Description
Example
chmod [mode] [file]
Change file permissions.
chmod 755 file.txt → Sets permissions to rwxr-xr-x.
chown [owner] [file]
Change file ownership.
sudo chown user file.txt → Sets user as the owner of file.txt.
chgrp [group] [file]
Change file group.
sudo chgrp developers file.txt → Sets developers as the group for file.txt.
ls -l
View file permissions.
ls -l → Displays detailed file permissions for each file.
umask
Set default file permissions for new files.
umask 022 → Ensures new files are created with rw-r--r-- permissions.
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